Hanabusa Itchō (1652–1724) was a painter of the mid-Edo period. Born in Kyoto, he studied under Kanō Yasunobu of the Kanō school. He later left the school and established his own distinctive style.

Itchō was especially known for his genre paintings, which vividly express the vitality and wit of contemporary urban culture during the Genroku era.

During the Genroku period, he fell out of favor with the Tokugawa shogunate and was exiled to Miyakejima Island in Izu. The works he produced during this time are known as “Shima Itchō” (“Island Itchō”) and are particularly highly regarded.

In addition to painting, he was well versed in literature and poetry and maintained close associations with the haiku master Matsuo Bashō.